WHAT IS A FERROUS METAL?There are many different categories into which metals can be placed. Some metals may be ductile, some may be brittle. Other metals could be magnetic, and some have no magnetism at all. Some types of alloys can be precipitation hardened, and others cannot. The aforementioned are important distinctions; however, when categorizing metals, one of the most important differences ...

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAME CUTTING, PLASMA CUTTING AND WATERJET CUTTINGWhen you need metal cut-to-size, there are a variety of cutting processes to choose from. However, not all processes are suitable for every job or every metal type. A method such as flame cutting, plasma cutting or waterjet cutting may be suitable for your project, but it is important to know the differences between cutting p...

WHAT IS TEMPERING?Tempering is a heat treatment process that alters the mechanical properties (typically ductility and hardness) and relieves internal stresses of a steel. Tempering allows carbon trapped in a martensitic microstructure to disperse, and enables the internal stresses to be released from the steel that may have been created from prior operations. The Tempering ProcessTempering is per...

WHAT IS NORMALIZING?It is important that the material used for any project possesses the correct mechanical properties for the specific application. Heat Treatment processes are often used to alter the mechanical properties of a metal, with one of the more common heat treatment processes being Normalizing. What Is Normalizing?Normalizing is a heat treatment process that is used to make a metal mor...

IS STAINLESS STEEL MAGNETIC?If you ask someone “is stainless steel magnetic?” you will likely get a variety of responses. Some people believe that stainless steel is a completely non-magnetic material. Others believe that stainless steel must be magnetic because it contains iron. However, like with most things, the answer lies somewhere in between. The fact is, some types of stainless steels are m...

WHAT IS ANNEALING?While the chemical composition of a metal determines much of the mechanical properties, many metals can have their mechanical properties altered through heat treatment. There are many different types of heat treatment used today, and one of the most popular methods is annealing. What Is Annealing?Annealing is a heat treatment process used mostly to increase the ductility and redu...

WHAT IS AN ALLOY?An alloy is a combination of a metal with at least one other metal or nonmetal. The combination must be part of a solid solution, a compound, or a mixture with another metal or nonmetal in order for it to be considered an alloy. The most common way to combine metals into an alloy is by melting them, mixing them together, and then allowing them to solidify and cool back to room tem...

The Uses of DOM and 4130 When beginning a project, it’s important to select the right type of metal tubing. If you are looking for a flexible metal, you may decide to use DOM tubing. But if you need strength, 4130-grade alloy may be the more reliable option. By understanding the difference between DOM tubing and 4130-grade alloy, you will be able to make the right decision for you. What is DOM?Dra...

Differences between Steel Tube and Steel Pipe While appearing to be interchangeable, steel tube and steel pipe have different industrial purposes and applications. Understanding the differences between the two can ensure you select the right steel product for your application needs. Tube and pipe are manufactured in both carbon steel and stainless steel. The significant differences when considerin...

5 Facts You Need to Know About Stainless Steel Tubes Unless you are a metal maestro, you may not know all there is to know about metal alloys and their properties. And from carbon steel to cast iron to stainless steel, there are several materials to choose from when it comes to tubing for hydraulic, pneumatic, or other industrial projects. When choosing which material is best for the job, why not ...

How to prevent metal corrosion What causes corrosion?Corrosion is the process where metal degrades as it comes into physical contact with a gas or liquid. This contact causes an electrochemical reaction which results in oxidisation on the metal’s surface and is often visible to the naked eye. Most metals are susceptible to corrosion. Metals are used extensively in harsh environments such as automo...

Which metals are magnetic?What is a magnet?A magnet is an object that generates a magnetic field, these always contain metal, however, not all metals are magnetic. Magnets are almost everywhere you look, in applications as tiny as microchips all the way up to industrial motors, fuel pumps and power generators. In fact, the famous particle accelerator the Large Hadron Collider consists of roughly 1...

Ferrous metals vs non-ferrous metals What is the difference between ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals?Before we explore the different properties and characteristics of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, it’s important to understand the fundamental difference between the two; ferrous metals are metals that contain iron, while non-ferrous metals do not. Generally speaking, ferrous metals are cheape...

What is the strongest metal? How can you test the strength of metal? The strength of metal can be measured using different scales; tensile strength, compressive strength, yield strength, surface hardness, and impact strength. Each of the different ways to measure strength have their benefits and disadvantages, so it is worth taking the time to understand the difference between the techniques to ...

What is the strongest metal? How can you test the strength of metal? The strength of metal can be measured using different scales; tensile strength, compressive strength, yield strength, surface hardness, and impact strength. Each of the different ways to measure strength have their benefits and disadvantages, so it is worth taking the time to understand the difference between the techniques to ...

F55: A super duplex stainless steel F55 is a kind of super duplex stainless steel, superior to the 2205 in overall performance. “Super” refers to the high alloying of its components. Compared with other duplex stainless steels, the high alloying of super duplex steels mainly refers to high molybdenum and nitrogen. The characteristics performance are (1) excellent resistance to stress corrosion cr...

Steel Melting & Refining Stainless Steels are usually melted by charging scrap and alloying elements (e.g. ferrochrome, ferronickel) into an EAF. After the initial melting the metal is transferred to an AOD or VOD/VD vessel for refining. Advanced steels for demanding and critical applications require vacuum melting in a VIM furnace followed by VAR or ESR remelting. Primary Melting Electric Arc Fu...

Steel Definition Stainless SteelStainless steel is defined by the following characteristics:Chrome 10.5 %Nickel The following types of stainless steels are available:AusteniticFerriticMartensiticDuplex gradesAustenitic Stainless Steel 300 Series - Chromium-Nickel alloysMain grades: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 310, 347Main applications: chemical industry (heat exchangers, pressure vessels, tanks, ...

Thermomechanical treatment of surface CarburizingThemomechanical treatment which is applied to a low-carbon steel in the austentic state to obtain surface enrichment with carbon which is in solid solution in the austenite. The subsequent hardening results in a hard and wear-resistant surface. NitridingIntroducing nitrogen into a solid ferrous alloy by holding steel at a suitable temperature (below...

Alloying elements of special steels The alloying constituents are generally divided unto carbide, austenite and ferrite forming elements. Furthermore, the purpose for which they are added to steel must be taken into consideration. According to its content, each alloying element imparts specific properties to steel. When several elements are present the effect may be increased, a fact which is full...

Heat treatment of steel - general definitions and terms Without heat treatmentRolled, forged or cast steel without heat treatment Controlled coolingCooling from an elevated temperature (after hot plastic deformation) in a predetermined way. Tnis process produces a definite microstructure and mechanical properties and it prevents strain hardening, cracking and internal damages Soft annealingAnneal...

What Is Penetrant Inspection (FPI And LPI)? Penetrant inspection is a popular detection method because it is relatively inexpensive, can be done remotely, and can be administered on a surface that is oriented in nearly any direction. Penetrant Inspection may take the form of Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI) or visible Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI). Each has its advantages, so the selec...

What Is AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)? Argon Oxygen Decarburization, frequently referred to as “AOD”, is an advanced technology for the refinement of iron, nickel, and cobalt based alloys. By melting a charge in a furnace, and then placing it into the AOD vessel, the metal producer is able to utilize lower cost charge materials, improve mechanical properties, recover nearly 100% of metallic ...

What Is AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)? Argon Oxygen Decarburization, frequently referred to as “AOD”, is an advanced technology for the refinement of iron, nickel, and cobalt based alloys. By melting a charge in a furnace, and then placing it into the AOD vessel, the metal producer is able to utilize lower cost charge materials, improve mechanical properties, recover nearly 100% of metallic ...

Nickel: Where Does It Come From? Because of its strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion, nickel is a key component of stainless steels. In fact, the majority of the world’s nickel is consumed in the creation of stainless steel. But where does nickel come from? Most materials don’t just “appear” but, in a way, some of the nickel on earth has done just that. Meteorites typically contain ...

Material Applications: High-Temperature Corrosion As the performance demands on metals tend to increase as temperature increases, so do the types of corrosive attacks to which the metal is likely to be subjected. When we think of significant industries and applications that are most likely to face the combined effects of high temperature with a corrosive environment significant ones come to mind: ...

Material Applications Corrosion Resistance Corrosion is the loss of metal due to a reaction with the environment, and is measured as the percentage of weight loss or as the penetration rate of the corrosion, perhaps measured in inches per year. Corrosion can develop in the presence of liquids or gases. It may occur at any temperature, although generally the rate of corrosion increases with increas...

What Is Pitting Resistance Equivalency Number (PREn)? The Pitting Resistance Equivalency Number (PREn) is an objective way to do an initial comparison of the relative resistance to corrosion of various metals. It is based on a calculation that considers the weight percentage of alloying elements. PREn = % Cr + (3.3 x % Mo) + (30 x % N) A simple examination of the components of the PREn calculation...

What is incoloy 925 alloy? Introduce incoloy 925 alloy application property element What is nickel alloy materials?Nickel alloys are metals made from combining nickel as the primary element with another material. It merges two materials to deliver more desirable features, such as higher strength or corrosion-resistance. Because of its unique properties, it’s used in a variety of equipment spannin...

How to produce thin wall stainless steel tube? What is thin Wall Tubing?Thin Wall Tubing Thin wall tubing is precision tubing that typically ranges from . 001 in. (. 0254 mm) to about . 065 in. Deep-drawn seamless tubes are made from metal blanks in multiple deformation processes. They can be used for different industrial purposes and the manufacturing of metal bellows. Common materials for the pr...

The difference between a pipe, tube, and hollow barMany people ask us the difference between a pipe, tube, and hollow bar so we’ve made this to explain the difference. What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?The short answer is: A PIPE is a round tubular to distribute fluids and gases, designated by a nominal pipe size (NPS or DN) that represents a rough indication of the pipe conveyance cap...

What are the characteristics of 718H mold steel? What are the characteristics of P20 die steel? What is the difference between 718 mold steel and P20H mold steel?A: 718H mold steel, corresponding to Chinai's 3Cr2NiMo mold steel.**Features**718H is an improved steel grade of P20H mold steel(3Cr2Mo mold steel). which has greatly improved quality, making it Fill in the shortage of P20H mold steel and...

1. When the newly installed boiler is put into operation. ,2. When a boiler that has been out of service for more than one year resumes operation. ...3. After major repairs or replacements of boiler transformation and pressure-bearing components, if the number of replacement pipes for the water wall exceeds 50%, the superheater, reheater, economizer and other components are replaced in groups, and...

1. After the boiler is installed, the pressure-bearing parts must undergo a hydraulic test. ...2. After the boiler has been overhauled or repaired or the local heating surface has been overhauled, a conventional hydraulic test must be carried out, and the test pressure is equal to the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler. The water pressure test should be presided over by the maintenan...

Boiler hydraulic test is a test of strength and tightness with pressurized water after the boiler is assembled.

1 Quenching crackThe quenching process is mainly used for steel parts, which is to heat the steel to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), hold it for a period of time to make it fully or partially austenitized, and then The cooling rate of the critical cooling rate is quickly cooled to below Ms (martensitic transformation starting te...

The solid solution strengthening and cold work hardening of P in steel are extremely strong. It increases the strength and hardness of the steel, and decreases the plasticity and toughness (especially the low temperature toughness). This is the cold brittleness of steel. Phosphorus segregates in the steel, increasing the tempering brittleness of the steel (Cr-Mo steel is more obvious).Controlling ...

The sulfide inclusions in the steel plate are distributed in the form of sheets along the rolling direction, which is the origin of ductile tearing, which reduces the toughness and resistance to lamellar tearing of steel. Sulfur in steel is harmful to hot working and welding. It forms FeS with iron and easily forms eutectic with low melting point (the melting point of eutectic Fe-FeS is 985℃). The...

Heat-resistant materials such as heat-resistant steel and heat-resistant alloys are widely used in engines, internal combustion engines, boilers for thermal power generation, turbines, waste incineration equipment, heat treatment furnaces, heaters and other components, and are indispensable materials in many industries. Japan needs to import a large amount of energy from overseas, so for Japan, it...

When producing seamless pipes, they are inserted into the inside of the pipe body and rolls and other tools are used to form the annular hole to form the pipe. Mandrel bars are used in continuous pipe rolling, tube diagonal rolling, tube rolling, pipe jacking, and tube cold rolling.The mandrel is a very long round rod that participates in the deformation of the pipe in the deformation zone like th...