What Is Basic Oxygen Steelmaking?Steel is one of the world’s most important materials. Consisting of iron and carbon, it’s an alloy that’s used to make everything from screws and bolts to bridges, buildings, vehicles, engines and more. While there are different techniques used to produce steel, the most common is k...

GRADES OF HOT ROLLED STEELWhen it comes to an excellent combination of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, shear strength, toughness, hardness, and ductility, it is hard to beat carbon steel. When it comes to having all of those mechanical properties at an affordable rate, it is hard to beat hot rolled ...

What Is Basic Oxygen Steelmaking?Steel is one of the world’s most important materials. Consisting of iron and carbon, it’s an alloy that’s used to make everything from screws and bolts to bridges, buildings, vehicles, engines and more. While there are different techniques used to produce steel, the most common is k...

The difference about Cast and Forged Steel Steel products may be manufactured either by casting or forging steel. Steel casting is the process by which a metal is heated until it reaches a liquid state and then poured into a mold that shapes the desired product. Steel forging implies the application of mechanical f...

How does heating the metal affects its properties?Heat can affect the electrical, magnetic, and structural properties of metals. Since metal has a wide range of uses, various conditions emphasize different attributes. Toughness is required in industrial applications, whereas low electrical density is significant in electronic applications.There are many methods of heating metal that are widely use...

All you need to know about The Melting Points of MetalsMetals have prestige for being able to survive harsh environments. Heavy loads, continuous cycling, major intensity, caustic conditions, and even extreme temperatures are all factors to consider. Furnaces, diesel motors, piston engines, spark nozzles, high-speed machines, and exhaust systems are all exposed to conditions that can melt some met...

Difference between Annealing and TemperingThe difference between annealing and tempering is determined by how it is treated. Tempering the metal entails heating it to a certain heat below a certain threshold and then cooling it at a very slow and regulated rate, while annealing involves heating the metal to a given temperature and then cooling it at a very slow and controlled rate, and is often pe...

Measuring Metal Strength : Tensile Strength and Impact StrengthTensile strength and impact strength are two of the most important factors to consider when choosing a metal for a particular project, particularly when it comes to structural applications. It’s critical to understand these mechanical properties and how to test them before choosing the right metal for your project. What Is Tensile Stre...

What Exactly Is Weathering Steel And What Are Its Application?Weathering steel is a type of low carbon steel that incorporates additional alloying elements in addition to carbon and iron atoms. Weathering steel has greater strength and corrosion resistance than normal low carbon steel grades owing to the inclusion of these alloying components. As a result, weathering steel is often used in outdoor...

WHAT IS QUENCHING?Heat treatment is a popular way to alter the mechanical properties of certain metals. Being able to change the hardness, toughness, and strength of a metal while keeping its chemical composition intact and virtually unaltered is a great way to tailor a metal to the needs of the environment and the demands of the job in which the metal is being used. There are many different ways ...

WHAT IS WHITE RUST?Galvanizing is a coating process that protects an underlying steel from rust using a protective layer of zinc. However, it is possible for this zinc to form its own kind of “rust”, known as white rust. What Is White Rust?White rust is a white, chalky substance that can form on the surface of zinc materials, like galvanized steel. White rust can form when zinc is exposed to hydro...

Alloying elements of special steels The alloying constituents are generally divided unto carbide, austenite and ferrite forming elements. Furthermore, the purpose for which they are added to steel must be taken into consideration. According to its content, each alloying element imparts specific properties to steel. When several elements are present the effect may be increased, a fact which is full...

WHAT IS A FERROUS METAL?There are many different categories into which metals can be placed. Some metals may be ductile, some may be brittle. Other metals could be magnetic, and some have no magnetism at all. Some types of alloys can be precipitation hardened, and others cannot. The aforementioned are important distinctions; however, when categorizing metals, one of the most important differences ...

IS STAINLESS STEEL MAGNETIC?If you ask someone “is stainless steel magnetic?” you will likely get a variety of responses. Some people believe that stainless steel is a completely non-magnetic material. Others believe that stainless steel must be magnetic because it contains iron. However, like with most things, the answer lies somewhere in between. The fact is, some types of stainless steels are m...

WHAT IS AN ALLOY?An alloy is a combination of a metal with at least one other metal or nonmetal. The combination must be part of a solid solution, a compound, or a mixture with another metal or nonmetal in order for it to be considered an alloy. The most common way to combine metals into an alloy is by melting them, mixing them together, and then allowing them to solidify and cool back to room tem...

Steel Definition Stainless SteelStainless steel is defined by the following characteristics:Chrome 10.5 %Nickel The following types of stainless steels are available:AusteniticFerriticMartensiticDuplex gradesAustenitic Stainless Steel 300 Series - Chromium-Nickel alloysMain grades: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 310, 347Main applications: chemical industry (heat exchangers, pressure vessels, tanks, ...

Alloying elements of special steels The alloying constituents are generally divided unto carbide, austenite and ferrite forming elements. Furthermore, the purpose for which they are added to steel must be taken into consideration. According to its content, each alloying element imparts specific properties to steel. When several elements are present the effect may be increased, a fact which is full...

What Is AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)? Argon Oxygen Decarburization, frequently referred to as “AOD”, is an advanced technology for the refinement of iron, nickel, and cobalt based alloys. By melting a charge in a furnace, and then placing it into the AOD vessel, the metal producer is able to utilize lower cost charge materials, improve mechanical properties, recover nearly 100% of metallic ...

What Is AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)? Argon Oxygen Decarburization, frequently referred to as “AOD”, is an advanced technology for the refinement of iron, nickel, and cobalt based alloys. By melting a charge in a furnace, and then placing it into the AOD vessel, the metal producer is able to utilize lower cost charge materials, improve mechanical properties, recover nearly 100% of metallic ...

Nickel: Where Does It Come From? Because of its strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion, nickel is a key component of stainless steels. In fact, the majority of the world’s nickel is consumed in the creation of stainless steel. But where does nickel come from? Most materials don’t just “appear” but, in a way, some of the nickel on earth has done just that. Meteorites typically contain ...

Material Applications: High-Temperature Corrosion As the performance demands on metals tend to increase as temperature increases, so do the types of corrosive attacks to which the metal is likely to be subjected. When we think of significant industries and applications that are most likely to face the combined effects of high temperature with a corrosive environment significant ones come to mind: ...

Material Applications Corrosion Resistance Corrosion is the loss of metal due to a reaction with the environment, and is measured as the percentage of weight loss or as the penetration rate of the corrosion, perhaps measured in inches per year. Corrosion can develop in the presence of liquids or gases. It may occur at any temperature, although generally the rate of corrosion increases with increas...

What is incoloy 925 alloy? Introduce incoloy 925 alloy application property element What is nickel alloy materials?Nickel alloys are metals made from combining nickel as the primary element with another material. It merges two materials to deliver more desirable features, such as higher strength or corrosion-resistance. Because of its unique properties, it’s used in a variety of equipment spannin...

What are the characteristics of 718H mold steel? What are the characteristics of P20 die steel? What is the difference between 718 mold steel and P20H mold steel?A: 718H mold steel, corresponding to Chinai's 3Cr2NiMo mold steel.**Features**718H is an improved steel grade of P20H mold steel(3Cr2Mo mold steel). which has greatly improved quality, making it Fill in the shortage of P20H mold steel and...

The solid solution strengthening and cold work hardening of P in steel are extremely strong. It increases the strength and hardness of the steel, and decreases the plasticity and toughness (especially the low temperature toughness). This is the cold brittleness of steel. Phosphorus segregates in the steel, increasing the tempering brittleness of the steel (Cr-Mo steel is more obvious).Controlling ...

The sulfide inclusions in the steel plate are distributed in the form of sheets along the rolling direction, which is the origin of ductile tearing, which reduces the toughness and resistance to lamellar tearing of steel. Sulfur in steel is harmful to hot working and welding. It forms FeS with iron and easily forms eutectic with low melting point (the melting point of eutectic Fe-FeS is 985℃). The...

Heat-resistant materials such as heat-resistant steel and heat-resistant alloys are widely used in engines, internal combustion engines, boilers for thermal power generation, turbines, waste incineration equipment, heat treatment furnaces, heaters and other components, and are indispensable materials in many industries. Japan needs to import a large amount of energy from overseas, so for Japan, it...

Cause of formationDuring the casting process, the metal strips, blocks, and pieces fall into the ingot mold or the iron alloy added at the end of the smelting is not melted.Macroscopic featuresOn the etched sheet, there are many geometric shapes with sharp edges and distinct colors from the surrounding.

Cause of formationDuring the solidification process, the steel fails to be welded during the hot working process due to the final solidification shrinkage of the low melting point material and the voiding of the evolved gas. According to its distribution, it can be divided into two categories: center and general porosity.Macroscopic featuresOn the lateral hot acid immersion surface, the pores are ...

Cause of formationDuring the casting solidification process, the aggregation of certain elements is caused by the selection of crystallization and diffusion, resulting in uneven chemical composition. According to the different positions of the distribution, it can be divided into ingot type, center and point segregation. Macroscopic featuresOn the acid immersion sample, when the segregation is an ...

Stainless steel is an iron alloy, which means that iron is combined with other materials to form a new metal. This means that different combinations can have different properties, and be used for different things. Stainless steel can be magnetic in some cases, when these materials are combined in different ways. One of the most common types of stainless steel is called “ferritic” stainless steel,...

Stainless steel (also known as “inox steel”) is used in many modern applications because of its remarkable strength, temperature resistance, and ability to resist corrosion and rust. These qualities make stainless steel ideal for use in a wide variety of products, from kitchen knives to construction materials. The stainless steel industry has grown an average of 5% between 1980 and today, and pro...

The VD refining method is a steel liquid vacuum treatment method in which an initial electric steel of an electric furnace and a converter is placed in a closed tank to evacuate, and a argon is stirred at the bottom of the ladle. In the electric furnace, converter, after melting, preliminary blowing, and then placed in a vacuum tank (vacuum chamber) by bottom argon stirring and vacuum degassing pr...

LF furnace (LADLE FURNACE) is a ladle refining furnace, which is the main refining equipment in steel production. The LF furnace refining mainly relies on the white slag in the barrel, and in a low-oxygen atmosphere (oxygen content is 5%), argon gas is blown into the barrel to be stirred, and the graphite electrode is heated to refine the molten steel passing through the preliminary furnace. Since...

Vacuum induction melting, referred to as VIM, a metallurgical method for generating eddy current heating in a metal conductor by electromagnetic induction under vacuum conditions. The VIM process has a small volume of the melting chamber, a short vacuuming time and a short melting cycle, and is convenient for temperature and pressure control, recyclable volatile elements, and accurate control of a...

O (oxygen)O is a harmful element in steel. It naturally enters the steel during the steelmaking process. Although manganese, silicon, iron and aluminum are added for deoxidation at the end of steelmaking, it is impossible to remove. During the solidification of molten steel, the reaction of oxygen and carbon in the solution generates carbon monoxide, which can cause bubbles. Oxygen is mainly prese...

N (nitrogen)The effect of N on the properties of steel is similar to that of carbon and phosphorus. With the increase of nitrogen content, the strength of steel can be significantly improved, the plasticity, especially the toughness, is also significantly reduced, the weldability is deteriorated, the cold and brittleness is intensified, and the aging tendency is increased. Cold brittleness and hot...

C (Carbon)C is the main element after iron, which directly affects the strength, ductility, toughness and weldability of steel.When the carbon content in the steel is below 0.8%, the strength and hardness of the steel increase with the increase of carbon content, while the plasticity and toughness decrease; but when the carbon content is above 1.0%, with the carbon content When the increase, the s...

B (boron)The main role of B in steel is to increase the hardenability of steel, thereby saving other less expensive metals, and nickel, chromium, molybdenum and the like. For this purpose, the content is generally specified in the range of 0.001% to 0.005%. It can replace 1.6% nickel, 0.3% chromium or 0.2% molybdenum. Boron molybdenum should be noted that molybdenum can prevent or reduce temper br...

H (hydrogen)H is the most harmful element in general steel. Hydrogen dissolved in steel can cause defects such as hydrogen embrittlement and white spots in steel. Like oxygen and nitrogen, hydrogen has very little solubility in solid steel. It dissolves in molten steel at high temperatures. When it cools, it does not reach out and accumulates in the structure to form high-pressure fine pores, whic...