Heat treatment of steel - general definitions and terms Without heat treatmentRolled, forged or cast steel without heat treatment Controlled coolingCooling from an elevated temperature (after hot plastic deformation) in a predetermined way. Tnis process produces a definite microstructure and mechanical properties ...

How does heat-treatment the steel affects properties? Heat can affect the electrical, magnetic, and structural properties of steels. Since steel has a wide range of uses, various conditions emphasize different attributes. Toughness is required in industrial applications, whereas low electrical density is significant in electronic applications.There are many methods of heating steel that are widely...

Difference between Annealing and Tempering The difference between annealing and tempering is determined by how it is treated. Tempering the steel entails heating it to a certain heat below a certain threshold and then cooling it at a very slow and regulated rate, while annealing involves heating the steel to a given temperature and then cooling it at a very slow and controlled rate, and is often p...

WHAT IS TEMPERING?Tempering is a heat treatment process that alters the mechanical properties (typically ductility and hardness) and relieves internal stresses of a steel. Tempering allows carbon trapped in a martensitic microstructure to disperse, and enables the internal stresses to be released from the steel that may have been created from prior operations. The Tempering ProcessTempering is per...

WHAT IS NORMALIZING?It is important that the material used for any project possesses the correct mechanical properties for the specific application. Heat Treatment processes are often used to alter the mechanical properties of a metal, with one of the more common heat treatment processes being Normalizing. What Is Normalizing?Normalizing is a heat treatment process that is used to make a metal mor...

WHAT IS ANNEALING?While the chemical composition of a metal determines much of the mechanical properties, many metals can have their mechanical properties altered through heat treatment. There are many different types of heat treatment used today, and one of the most popular methods is annealing. What Is Annealing?Annealing is a heat treatment process used mostly to increase the ductility and redu...

Heat treatment of steel - general definitions and terms Without heat treatmentRolled, forged or cast steel without heat treatment Controlled coolingCooling from an elevated temperature (after hot plastic deformation) in a predetermined way. Tnis process produces a definite microstructure and mechanical properties and it prevents strain hardening, cracking and internal damages Soft annealingAnneal...

1 Quenching crackThe quenching process is mainly used for steel parts, which is to heat the steel to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), hold it for a period of time to make it fully or partially austenitized, and then The cooling rate of the critical cooling rate is quickly cooled to below Ms (martensitic transformation starting te...

1) In the code area of the austenite isothermal transformation diagram, that is, about 500-600 ℃, the water is in the vapor film stage, and the cooling rate is not fast enough, which often results in "soft spots" formed by uneven cooling of the forgings and insufficient cooling rate. . In the martensite transformation system, that is, about 300-100 ° C, the water is in the boiling stage, the cooli...

In the heat treatment of forgings, due to the high power of the electric furnace and the long holding time, the energy consumption is huge throughout the process. For a long period of time, how to save energy during heat treatment of forgings has always been a problem.The so-called "zero heat preservation" quenching refers to the heat treatment process in which the surface and core of the forging ...

1. Improve or eliminate various structural defects and residual stress caused by steel during casting, forging, rolling and welding, and prevent deformation and cracking of the workpiece.2. Soften the workpiece for cutting.3. Refine the grains and improve the structure to improve the mechanical properties of the workpiece.4. Prepare the structure for final heat treatment (quenching, tempering).

1. Improve the stability of the organization, so that the workpiece no longer undergoes structural transformation during use, so that the geometry and performance of the workpiece remain stable.2. Eliminate internal stress in order to improve the performance of the workpiece and stabilize the workpiece geometry.3. Adjust the mechanical properties of steel to meet the requirements of use.

1) Improve the mechanical properties of metal products or parts. For example: improve the hardness and wear resistance of tools, bearings, etc., increase the elastic limit of springs, and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of shaft parts.2) Improve the material properties or chemical properties of some special steels. Such as improving the corrosion resistance of stainless steel and i...

What elements will effect heat treatment for forgings?1, size effect:The mechanical properties of forged steel vary with the shape and size. Generally, the larger the size, the shallower the depth of heat treatment in the same cooling medium, and the lower the mechanical properties.2. Mass effect:The quality (weight) of the forgings is different, and the final result of the heat treatment is diffe...

Depending on the chemical composition of the steel, the state of the structure, the size of the product, the possible defects after cooling, and the conditions of the mill output, cooling site and cooling equipment, the hot rolled steel can be cooled to room temperature by different cooling methods.1) Air Cooling This is a method of natural cooling in the air, which is widely used. After cooling i...

The reason why quenched steel has good performance, heat treatment is an unavoidable process. Common heat treatment processes for quenched steel include annealing, quenching, and tempering. Annealing is before the cutting process, the purpose is to reduce the hardness of the metal material, improve the plasticity, in order to facilitate cutting or pressure processing, reduce the residual stress. Q...

Induction heating is mostly used for industrial induction heating: the workpiece is placed in the inductor, and the inductor is usually a hollow copper tube that is input to an intermediate frequency or high frequency alternating current (300-300000 Hz or higher). The alternating magnetic field generates an induced current of the same frequency in the workpiece. The induced current is uneven in th...

1.Yield point When the steel or sample is stretched, when the stress exceeds the elastic limit, even if the stress does not increase any more, the steel or the sample continues to undergo significant plastic deformation, which is called the yield, and the minimum stress value when the yield phenomenon occurs is To yield points. Let Ps be the external force at the yield point s, and Fo be the sampl...

Operation method: Simultaneous carburizing and nitriding to the surface of steel.Objective: To improve the surface hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of steel parts.Application points: 1. Mostly used for low-carbon steel, low-alloy structural steel and tool steel parts, the general depth of 0.02 ~ 3mm nitride layer; 2. Nitriding also requires quenching and temperi...

Operation method: Use the active nitrogen atom that is decomposed by ammonia gas at 500-600 degrees to make the surface of the steel part saturated with nitrogen to form a nitrided layer.Objective: To improve the surface hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of steel parts.Application points: It is mostly used for medium carbon alloy structural steels containing alum...

Operation method: Put the steel into the carburizing medium, heat it to 900-950 degrees and keep it warm, so that the steel surface will get a carburized layer with a certain concentration and depth.Objective: To improve the surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength of steel parts, and maintain the toughness of the heart.Application points: 1. For low carbon steel and low alloy steel ...

Full AnnealingFull annealing is the process of slowly raising the temperature about 50 ºC (122 ºF) above the Austenitic temperature line A3 or line ACM in the case of Hypoeutectoid steels (steels with 0.77% Carbon).It is held at this temperature for sufficient time for all the material to transform into Austenite or Austenite-Cementite as the case may be. It is then slowly cooled at the rate of ab...

Pit furnace: Dia1300mm max, Length9500mm max.Salt bath furnace: Length1900mm max, Width1600mm max, Height900mm max.Trolley furnace: Legth15000mm max, Width6000mm max, Height6000mm max.Tunnel type continuous reheating furnace：dia30mm-dia250mmInduction quenching line: dia15mm-dia120mmNormalizing cooling fan can be used in combination of wind capacity air-cooled systems.

Spheroidize AnnealingSpheroidize annealing is applicable to steels which have more than 0.8% carbon. Parts are heated to between 1150°F and 1200°F and holding it at this temperature for a period of time to convert the microstructure. Essentially, cementite changes from a lamella formation to an alpha ferrite matrix with particles of spheroidal cementite (Fe3C). Spherodize annealing is generally do...

Normalizing is a heat treatment process for making material softer but does not produce the uniform material properties of annealing.A material can be normalized by heating it to a specific temperature and then letting the material cool to room temperature outside of the oven. This treatment refines the grain size and improves the uniformity of microstructure and properties of hot rolled steel.

Normalizing AnnealingQuenchingTemperingQuenched+temperedCarburizingNitridingHigh-frequency surface hardening and other processing services.

Quenching is the process for making material harder. The metal is heated to a specific temperature and rapidly cooled (quenched) in a bath of water, brine, oil, or air to increase its hardness.One drawback of using this method by itself is that the metal becomes brittle. This treatment is therefore typically followed by a tempering process which is a heating process at another lower specific tempe...

Tempering is carried out by preheating previously quenched or normalized steel to a temperature below the critical range, holding, and then cooling to obtain the desired mechanical properties. Tempering is used to reduce the brittleness of quenched steel. Many products that require hardness and resistance to breakage are quenched and tempered. The temperature chosen for the tempering process direc...