BS EN 10270-2 54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire for mechanical springs

Grade :  54SiCr6

Number:  1.7102

Classification:  Alloy special steel

Standard:

EN 10089: 2002 Hot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs. Technical delivery conditions

Equivalent Materials to DIN 54SiCr6

54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened spring steel wire Chemical composition

54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened spring steel wire Dimensional tolerances

Wire in coils

The tolerances level for the wire diameter is based on EN 10218-2:1996 level:

-T5 for wire diameter up to and including 0,80 mm;

-T4 for 0,80 mm up to 10,00 mm;

-T3 above 10,00 mm.

Wire in cut lengths

The requirements for length tolerances and straightness are as in EN 10218-2:1996. The tolerance on the nominal length shall only be in plus keeping the same tolerance range

54SiCr6 Steel Mechanical Properties

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1. Stable linearity, good formability. Uniform and beautiful surface condition.

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54SiCr6 1.7102 Heat treatment

Soft Annealing:
Heat to 640-680C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 310.

Normalizing:
Temperature: 850-880C, air.

Hardening:
Harden from a temperature of 840-870C followed by oil quenching.

Tempering:
Tempering temperature: 430-500C, air. 

oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire that is heat treated in line in the following way: it is first transformed into austenite, quenched in oil or similar quenching medium, followed immediately by tempering by heating to the appropriate temperature.

oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire made from unalloyed or alloyed steels. They are primarily subject to torsional stresses such as in compression and extension springs and in special cases also for applications where the spring wire is subject to bending stresses such as lever springs. As a rule unalloyed steels are used for applications at room temperature whereas alloyed steels are generally used at a temperature above room temperature. Alloyed steels may also be chosen for above average tensile strengths.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire Classification

The grade for normal applications made from unalloyed or alloyed steel has the abbreviation FD and is intended for static applications.

Spring steel wire for medium fatigue levels, such as required for some clutch springs from unailoyed or alloyed steel, has the abbreviation TD.

Spring steel wire from unalloyed steel or alloyed steel intended for use under severe dynamic duty such as for valve springs or other springs with similar requirements has the abbreviation VD.

Medium and high fatigue grades TD and VD are characterized by high steel cleanliness, specific chemical, mechanical and technological parameters and a well defined surface condition in relation to the allowable depth of surface defects and decarburization.

The static grade FD is characterized by its chemical, mechanical and technological characteristics as well as by a specified surface condition concerning surface defects and decarburization.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Non metallic inclusions

The VD grades shall be checked for maximum size of inclusion according to ENV 10247. The allowable level of inclusions shall be agreed between the parties at the enquiry and order.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Form of delivery

Oil hardened and tempered wire shall be supplied in coils, on spools or in cut lengths. The wire in coils or on spools shall form one continuous length. Wire in coil may also be supplied on carriers containing one or more coils.

For VD and TD grades no welds are permitted after the heat treatments preceding the final drawing operation; for 'FD' grades no welds shall be made at finished size unless agreed otherwise between the parties.

The supplied wire units shall be tightly bound to ensure that wire spiral waps do not spring out unforeseen. The starting end shall be marked and at the coil ends the wire shall be covered with a protective cap.

54SiCr6 1.7102 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. 54SiCr6 1.7102 is the designation in both the DIN and EN systems for this material. 54SiCr6 is a Standard grade Alloy Steel. It is commonly called 54SiCr6 Silicon-manganese steel. It is composed of (in weight percentage) 0.51-0.59% Carbon (C), 0.60-0.80% Manganese (Mn), 0.035%(max) Phosphorus (P), 0.04%(max) Sulfur (S), 1.20-1.60% Silicon (Si), 0.60-0.80% Chromium (Cr), and the base metal Iron (Fe). Other designations of 1.7102 alloy steel include UNS G92540 and AISI 9254.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened spring steel wire Surface finish

The wire shall be protected against corrosion and mechanical damage. Unless otherwise specified the wire shall be delivered in slightly oiled condition.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Oil hardened spring steel wire Surface quality

The surface of the wire shall be smooth and permissible depth of surface defects at the coil ends shall be in accordance with Table.

By in-line control of surface defects the areas of the coil with defects above the level of Table 7 shall be marked. In-line testing is not performed for FD-grades.

The number of defective parts that can be tolerated may be agreed between the parties.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Surface decarburization

The wire grades according to this standard shall be free from total decarburization. The maximum depths of the partially decarburized zone shall be checked at the end of the coils.

The fatigue resistance is a property that exerts a strong influence on the suspension spring performance in vehicles. The choice of 54SiCr6 1.7102 steel was due to its wide use in the manufacture of these springs and their fatigue properties and toughness. The manufacture of 54SiCr6 1.7102 steel springs has been made by the hot winding process and the heat treatment by conventional quenching and tempering or by cold winding process and induction hardening and tempering. The shot peening induced a compressive residual stress which increased the fatigue life of the 54SiCr6 1.7102 steel. The residual stress profile from the surface of springs showed a peak in the values of the compressive stress for both manufacturing processes. The maximum residual stress in the cold processed spring was higher than the hot processed spring and maintained much higher values along the thickness of the spring from the surface, resulting from manufacturing processes. The fatigue cracking of the springs, without shot peening, started by torsional fatigue process, with typical macroscopic propagation. The fracture surface showed stretch marks with high plastic deformation.

54SiCr6 1.7102 Testing and inspection

Coiling test

Torsion test

heat analysis;

result of the tensile test

result of the torsion test

actual wire diameter

Tensile test

54SiCr6 1.7102 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

The purchaser shall clearly state in his enquiry or order the product and following information :

a)the desired quantity;

b)the number of this European Standard: EN 10270-2;

c)wire grade

d)the nominal wire diameter;

e)the form of delivery and unit mass;

f)the type of inspection document;

g)any particular agreement made.