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What are the commonly used methods of flaw detection?

According to a survey conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, many non-destructive testing methods are considered to be divided into six categories and about 70 kinds. However, the following are common in practical applications:

Conventional non-destructive testing methods are:

  - Ultrasonic Testing( UT);

  -Radiographic Testing(RT);

  -Magnetic particle Testing(MT);

  -Penetrant Testing ( PT);

  -Eddy current Testing(ET);

Unconventional non-destructive testing techniques are:

Acoustic Emission(AE);

  -Leak Testing(UT);

  -Optical Holography;

  -Infrared Thermography;

  -Microwave Testing